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common ownership
Common ownership is a principle according to which the assets of an organization, enterprise, or community are held indivisibly rather than in the names of the individual members or groups of members. The principle of holding the means of production in common with free access to the output is taken to be the defining feature of a genuine communist society.
Common ownership of the means of production is advocated, or asserted, by communism and some forms of socialism. Advocates make a distinction between ''collective'' ownership and ''common'' property; the former refers to property owned jointly by agreement, such as producer cooperatives, whereas the latter refers to assets that are completely open for access, such as a public park freely available to everyone.〔Public Ownership and Common Ownership, Anton Pannekoek, Western Socialist, 1947. Transcribed by Adam Buick.〕
==History==
Pre-Neolithic tribes held property in common through tradition. Thus, common ownership of land is an example of customary land ownership in tribal societies which pre-dates the arrangement of colonised alienated land. Marxist theory describes this primitive communism as based on common ownership on a subsistence level. Another term for this arrangement is a "gift economy" or communalism.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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